Paper Title
Synthesis of K+-Mn1-xCuxO2-δ Nanorods through Hydrothermal Processes Susceptible for Electrochemical Energy Storage

Abstract
MnO2 has much intention for electrochemical energy storage, however its low conductivity becomes limitation. Defect creation through doping usually used to increase conductivity. In this work, Cu doped MnO2 nanorods K+ - Mn1-xCuxO2 (x=0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15) has been successfully synthesized by hydrothermal processes using raw materials KMnO4, HCl (37%), CuCl2.2H2O and H2O at 140⁰C for 5 hours. The characterizations include XRD of CuKα radiation, SEM, EDX, TEM and impedance complex analysis for conductivity evaluation. XRD spectra show single phase α-MnO2, however EDX analysis show K, Mn and Cu elements were detected. SEM/TEM show the particle has rods morphology 1-4 μm long and 10 – 50 nm diameter. The structure parameter derived from XRD are similar to that of derived from TEM, in which for low Cu percentage the lattice parameter reduced up to x=0.1 then increase for higher. The conductivity measurement at room temperature shows an increase of conductivity with increasing Cu percentage. Keywords - Cu Doped MnO2, Nanorods, Crystal Structure, Hydrothermal Process, Conductivity