Paper Title
Pain Management Model for Patients Undergoing Lumbar Laminectomy, King Narai Hospital, Lop Buri, Thailand

Abstract
The purpose of this qualitative study was to develop a pain management model for patients undergoing lumbar laminectomy at King Narai Hospital, Lop Buri, Thailand. The study sample included 12 staff from the orthopedic multidisciplinary team and 10 patients undergoing lumbar laminectomy. The main management model was developed from: situational analysis; the evidence-based practice of Rosswurm and Larrabe; the Transition theory of Meleis, et al., and preferred music therapy. Subject data was gathered using questionnaires answered by patients undergoing lumbar laminectomy. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and content analysis. The pain management model for patients undergoing lumbar laminectomy was developed using the Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG) and Standard Manual of Pain Management. User of CPG, Standard Manual of Pain Management were orthopedic multidisciplinary team, Outcomes of postoperative lumbar laminectomy care were pain score, opioid drug dosages after surgery, postoperative pain management methods, impact from pain to the holistic health status, patient’s satisfaction, knowledge of pain management of nurses, and nurse satisfaction. This study suggests that the model of pain management after undergoing lumbar laminectomy should be developed from the evidence-based practice of Rosswurm and Larrabe, Transition theory of Meleis, et al., and preferred music therapy. This model should be implemented for patients undergoing lumbar laminectomy and in other areas of post-operative care and evaluated using holistic outcomes. Keywords - Pain Management Model, Patients Undergoing a Lumbar Laminectomy